Juncaceae

Juncaceae Juss., Gen. pl. 43. 1789 (‘Junci’) Type genus: Juncus L. References. Rostkov, de Iunco 1-59. 1801; Laharpe, Essai monogr. jonc. 1-93. 1825, also published in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 3: 88-181. 1827; Kunth, Enum. pl. 3: 293 378. 1841; Buchenau, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 6: 353 431. 1879; Buchenau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 12: 1-498, 1890; Buchenau in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV, 36 (Heft 25): 1 284. 1906. Balslev, Fl. Ecuador 11: 1–45. 1979; Balslev, Fl. Neotropica 68: 1–168. 1996; Kirschner et al., Juncaceae. Species Plantarum: Flora of the World 6: 1–237. 2002a. Perennial and usually rhizomatous or rarely annual herbs, glabrous or with hairy leaf margins. Rhizome creeping, ascending or erect, unbranched or branched, naked or covered by scales or splitting leaf bases. Culms erect, ascending or rarely procumbent, terete, smooth or longitudinally ridged, naked or leaf bearing. Leaves linear or filiform, with an open and sometimes auriculate or closed sheath, spirally arranged or rarely distichous, blades sometimes reduced. Inflorescence terminal, sometimes pseudolateral, compound, cymose or racemose, usually in heads or spike-like clusters, rarely reduced to a single terminal or lateral flower. Flowers generally small, perfect or imperfect, actinomorphic. Perianth with six segments, in two whorls of three, glumaceous, equal or almost equal, free, tepals less than 8 cm long. Stamens six in two whorls of three, opposite the perianth segments, inner whorl sometimes reduced; filaments filiform or somewhat flattened and widened at the base; anthers oblong to linear, basifixed, obtuse or mucronate, dehiscing by two longitudinal lateral slits. Gynoecium with three connate carpels; ovary superior, 1-locular, 3-septate or 3-locular; style one, up to 10 cm long but usually shorter; stigmas three, terete and of equal diameter throughout or sometimes tapering distally, twining with adaxial papillae. Fruit an orbicular to oblong or ellipsoid, 3-1obed, round or trigonous, loculicidal or circumscissile capsule. Seeds usually many per capsule, sometimes three; outer seed coat hyaline, whitish or light brown, sometimes drawn out into tail-like appendages, often with distinct sculpturing; inner seed coat brown to castaneous or yellow. Composition and distribution. Juncaceae is a family of seven genera and about 440 species, most of which are confined to temperate or cold regions of the world. In the tropics the family is found only at high elevations, usually above 2000 m above sea level but sometimes as low as at 800 m. At the generic level Juncaceae is highly developed in South America with seven genera occurring there. Prionium, a shrubby, monotypic genus endemic to South Africa, has been included in Juncaceae, but is now treated as a separate family. Marsippospermum with three species is restricted to New Zealand and Patagonia and does not reach tropical South America. Rostkovia, Patosia, and Oxychloe are mainly south temperate but reach into tropical South America. Distichia is almost restricted to tropical South America, and Juncus and Luzula are cosmopolitan.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF JUNCACEAE IN COLOMBIA

1	Plants cushion forming; flowers solitary in the axils of subapical leaves, anthers mucronate; leaves distichously arranged	Distichia
1'	Plants not cushion forming; flowers in many-flowered, or very rarely few-flowered, inflorescences, anthers not mucronate; leaves spirally inserted.	2
2	Leaf sheaths closed, blades with hairy margins; capsule with three seeds	Luzula
2'	Leaf sheaths open, blades glabrous; capsule with many (up to 120) seeds	Juncus

Distichia
Juncus
Luzula

Sin material de COL

Juncaceae